Puberty And Its Effect On The Family - 1479 Words

When discussing puberty, there have been several studies covering the effects of the onset, timing and duration of puberty. This article reviewed the timing of puberty and its effect on the family unit. This article defined the timing of puberty as one of three categories, early onset, on-time or late maturer. The need for further research in this area was necessary because previous studies often contradicted each other. This particular study was completed using participants that were white, highly educated and from upper middle class families with one parent and one adolescent from each family participating. The study tried to use equal numbers of fathers and mothers as much as possible but complete equality was not always possible because more mothers participated than fathers. The adolescents were between the ages of 10 and 17 years old and were various stages of puberty. Each adolescent was assessed based on their visible signs of secondary sex features such as facial hair, hip w idth, height, weight and chest development. They were then divided into the three pubertal timing categories previously mentioned with over 70% of the adolescents being on-time maturers, and a relatively equal number of boys and girls. Both the parent and child were given a questionnaire. Parents were instructed to complete the questionnaire with no help from their child or spouse. The adolescents were given questionnaires in a group setting and all questionnaires were returned within thirtyShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Paternal Absence On The Timing Of Puberty1225 Words   |  5 Pageson the timing of puberty [in girls]. â€Å"The timing of puberty is also influenced by the absence of the biological father in the home.† (Hockenbury, 2015, p 377). By â€Å"also† he is referring to additional biologic factors such as level of physical activity and body mass index. While it is true that there is much research supporting the concept of earlier puberty tied to absence of the father, there is also significant information about maternal factors which can affect the age of puberty during childhoodRead MoreThe Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Effects of Precocious Puberty752 Words   |  3 PagesFi rst, puberty is the complicated process of boys and girls sexually maturing to be able and ready to reproduce physically, cognitively, and socially/emotionally. During this time, girls between the ages of eight and fourteen, boys between the ages of nine and fifteen, their bodies release hormones causing a multitude of changes. Precocious puberty is the abnormally early onset of puberty, before age eight in girls and nine in boys. This early start of puberty for girls and boys has many effects, includingRead MoreThe Physical, Cognitive, and Social/Emotional Effects of Precocious Puberty886 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction First, puberty must be defined as the complicated process of boys and girls sexually maturing to be able and ready to reproduce physically, cognitively, and socially/emotionally. During this time girls (between the ages of eight and fourteen) and boys (between the ages of nine and fifteen) bodies release hormones causing a multitude of changes. Precocious puberty is the abnormally early onset of puberty, before age eight in girls and nine in boys. This early start of maturation for girlsRead MoreTeenager Is A Teenager, An Exciting, Scary, Horrible, And Overall Stressful Time1483 Words   |  6 Pagescool things away from their parents and gaining a whole new level of independence that all begins when they turn about 13. That is actually a naà ¯ve view of what becoming a teenager is really all about. When an adolescent enters their teenage years, puberty begins. The body goes through major growth spurts that affect the body and mind. Boys will shoot up in height and develop a deeper -toned voice leaving them to feel like a man. A girl’s body will fill out as they develop breasts, pubic hair, and beginRead MoreAdolescent Self-Portrait Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagescool things away from their parents and gaining a whole new level of independence that all begins when they turn about 13. That is actually a naà ¯ve view of what becoming a teenager is really all about. When an adolescent enters their teenage years, puberty begins. The body goes through major growth spurts that affects the body and mind. Boys will shoot up in height and develop a deeper-toned voice leaving them to feel like a man. A girl’s body will fill out as they develop breasts, pubic hair, andRead MoreIs Puberty A Child Start Developing An Adult?869 Words   |  4 PagesAs children grow, their body begins to signal adulthood with changes, called puberty. Puberty makes a child start developing as an adult. As a result, it affects the physique and mind in a new way. Changes tha t range from getting taller (in both sexes), to acquiring new hormones that develop in the brain. Normally, these hormones make many of the children experience a new way they contemplate certain things, including sex. For that reason, many questions as â€Å"Why this is growing?†, â€Å"Why my voice isRead MoreThe Current Debate Of Puberty857 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will provide information on the current debate of puberty and also the fact that the average age of puberty is decreasing. It will also review the social effects the media has on body image. Granted the term adolescent development is used vaguely when describing it in girls, Attie and Brooks-Gunn (2000) define development as, fat increasing and changes in breast development. Puberty is normally used to describe girls in their teenage years who are characterized as moody, stubborn, or irrationalRead MoreTeens s Early Puberty Stages829 Words   |  4 PagesPuberty in teenager’s early puberty stages can be effected by hormonal changes and imbalances. Studies in high-risk exposal areas of the world potential effects of related amounts of endocrine disruptors at particular times of their developmental statuses can affect the timing of puberty. Endocrine disrupters can be prevented during adolescent time frames by the parents purchasing products of organic processes and keeping away from processed foods, some household chemicals, pesticides, and plasticsRead MoreThe Differences between the Self-Esteem of Boys and Girls During Puberty1247 Words   |  5 Pages Puberty is a time of many changes. Your body changes, your voice can change, and your emotions are on overdrive. The changes going through an adolescent’s body can be very confusing. Not everyone going through puberty knows what is happening to them. Plus, even if an understanding is there, it can be very uncomfortable. Almost every part of an adolescent’s body is affected when going through puberty. Psycholog ically, an adolescent is affected too. One psychological effect of puberty is a decreasedRead MoreDoes A Child Know What Being Transgender? Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagesand female brain (Francoeur 18). The majority of child specialists lean towards the wait and watch program. Debra W. Soh says that children should wait for any medical procedures and that most of them grow out of it. Her exact words were â€Å"I urge families, who are struggling through a sea of mixed information and unknowns, to not act in haste. Know that your support and acceptance will help your child survive this difficult time so that, together, you can make an informed decision when they are ready

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Usefulness of my Learning Process Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of the learning experience. 2.Explain how this learning process will be useful to me. 3.Describe objectively what happened in the learning process. 4.Evaluate what I learn. 5.Explain My learning process. 6.Explain Plan how this learning I will be applied. Answers: Introduction Here, I am going to reflect on my learning from assignment 1 and 2. I have analysed the usefulness of my learning process and its impact on my future career. Further, I have also evaluated my learning and explained my learning process. Besides, I have explained the potential effects of my learning and the way in which I will turn my learning into practice. 1. Evaluating the effectiveness and usefulness of the learning experience My opinion about the challenges faced by international technology organisations is accounting includes, cloud computing, business intelligence, mobile tools and so on. The accounting process incorporates a number of technologies that help business managers to manage their tasks properly. However, Dunn Cavelty (2013) commented that, these technologies are creating some difficulties in accounting. The online accounting is creating barriers for the manager in monitoring the activities of the technology organisations. As stated by Von Solms and Van Niekerk (2013), in the era of social media, it has become difficult for accounting managers to share financial information with different stakeholders. Apart from challenges, I have also learned about the recent trends dominating in the accounting practice of the technology industry. Hence, the experience is highly valuable for me to apply in my future, when I will start my career as a business holder of a technology company. I can use the knowledge gained regarding the challenges of accounting in the international technology industry. Hence, the experience will help me to consider the challenges while establishing my organisation as a global technology company. 2. Explaining how this learning process will be useful to me I have carried out research on challenges faced by accounting practices in technology companies, where, I have gathered knowledge not only on the research topic but also about the research process. I have learned about different tools, techniques and methods required to carry out a research. Different research philosophies, approaches, designs, data collection methods and their significance in research is also understood. This knowledge will help me in my future courses, when I will conduct further researches. I will be able to select appropriate tools and methods for carrying out specific researches based on their needs and nature. Further, I have learned that cloud computing is one of the latest technologies used in the technology industry, as the present time, accounting process has been turned into cloud accounting. However, Wu and Irwin (2016) stated that, cloud computing is creating some challenges for the accountants, as it mainly focuses on business transactions and business processes and the key purpose of accounting is to identify, measure and communicate financial data to the management. Thus, I came to know that, although cloud computing is helpful for most of the business deeds, however, it is not suitable for accounting practices. Hence, I will remember this while developing my technology business in the future and will apply some more useful technology related to account, in which risk will be the minimum. 3. Describing objectively what happened in the learning process I have carried out a comprehensive research on the challenges of accounting in global organisations. First, I developed research aim and objectives along with its scope. Based on the objectives, I developed some research questions. Then, I carried out a literature review in assignment 1 and 2 for gaining deeper insight on the research topic. I have read different books, journals, articles for understanding the research topic through analysing the different opinions of different scholars. I have seen that, it is not possible to manage, when it is not possible to measure. As stated by Willcocks and Cullen (2013), technology organisations should focus on offering platforms that enhance the quality of services to the different departments of the company. However, the trend of social media is creating barrier to this aim. Thus, I have understood that, while developing my career, I should focus on delivering quality services and not on employing the most modern technology. Shantz and Tombl in (2014) has pointed out big data analytics as another big challenge of technology organisations, as this needs specific skills for analysing the data and modifying the latest auditing model for incorporating all the necessary needs. Thus, I understood that to deal with the inconsistent nature of big data, new approaches are required. 4. Evaluating what I learn I have observed a number of things while carrying out the business research. I have not only learned about the challenges of accounting in global technology organisations, but I have also obtained significant knowledge regarding a research process. While carrying out the research, I have identified some limitations, including time constraint, convincing the respondents to participate in the survey. Hence, I will try to make a more specific time schedule, so that adequate time can be provided to the respondents for answering the questions. It will enhance the research quality and its outcome. Apart from that, the things I have learned about the challenges of accounting in global technology organisations, I can apply them in my future business. For example, I will use data analytics for earning higher profits, as Oshri et al. (2015) opined that, data analytics facilitate firm to to gain competitive advantages for the unit. In order to develop a plan of paperless firm, I will be needed to recruit technological experts, who can identify the potential benefits and risks associated with the technological implementation. It will help me to take protective measure on the primary stage to avoid the risks. 5. Explaining My learning process In assignment 1, I have identified and analysed the challenges of accounting in global organisations for gaining a clear knowledge regarding the topic. After learning the challenges of accounting, in assignment 2, I have prepared a research proposal on the same topic. Here, I have developed a research aim, some objectives and questions. Further, I have selected some research tools and techniques that will be useful in carrying out the research. The research proposal and the time schedule will help me to carry out and complete the research in a systematic way. The things, I have learned from the business research is connected with the other areas of business. Accurate account practices must be implemented by the global organisations for managing their international business appropriately. Lacity and Willcocks (2013) stated that, inappropriate and confusing accounting activities may have a negative impact on the organisational operations and profitability. Therefore, I feel that, in order to conduct my business activities effectively, I need to assign talented accountants, who can measure the financial importance of the technologies before incorporating it in my organisation. 6. Explaining Plan how this learning I will be applied I have learned the factors to be considered before implementing an accounting process and this learning is highly relevant to my business research. In the future, I will use the following steps for installing and effective accounting system in my organisation: According to Dinu (2015), in the first step, a thorough review of the business processes and requirements is needed for identifying the area needs improvement. Based on the first step, here, my accounting team will design a plan on which software is required for proper implementation of the accounting process. Holweg and Pil (2012) commented that, before, the final implementation of the accounting technology, a pilot testing is required. Then all the accounting staffs will be provided with training for enhancing their skills and knowledge regarding the new technology and software of accounting, so hat they can use it properly (Mo et al. 2012). This is the final implementation stage My technology partner will support the accountants continuously regarding the new system for ensuring accuracy and reliability Conclusion I have gained significant knowledge from the business research carried out in assignment 1 and 2 and it will help me in my future to flourish my career and ability as a business person of a global technology company. The knowledge, I have gained will help me to eradiate the barrier of modern technology in accounting and implement the most suitable accounting process in my company References Dinu, A.M., 2015. The risks and benefits of outsourcing.Knowledge Horizons. Economics,7(2), p.103. Dunn Cavelty, M., 2013. From Cyber?Bombs to Political Fallout: Threat Representations with an Impact in the Cyber?Security Discourse.International Studies Review,15(1), pp.105-122. Holweg, M. and Pil, F.K., 2012. Outsourcing complex business processes. California Management Review, 54(3), pp.98-115. Lacity, M.C. and Willcocks, L.P., 2013. Outsourcing business processes for innovation. MIT Sloan management review, 54(3), p.63. Mo, Y., Kim, T.H.J., Brancik, K., Dickinson, D., Lee, H., Perrig, A. and Sinopoli, B., 2012. Cyberphysical security of a smart grid infrastructure. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(1), pp.195-209. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J. and Willcocks, L.P., 2015.The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring 3rd edition. Springer. Shantz, J. and Tomblin, J., 2014. Cyber Disobedience: Re. Presenting Online Anarchy. Von Solms, R. and Van Niekerk, J., 2013. From information security to cyber security.Computers Security,38, pp.97-102. Willcocks, L. and Cullen, S., 2013.Intelligent IT outsourcing. Routledge. Wu, C.H.J. and Irwin, J.D., 2016. Introduction to computer networks and cybersecurity. CRC Press

Western Music Genres Essay Example For Students

Western Music Genres Essay Contemporary Western Music Genres Blues Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form, ubiquitous in Jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll Is characterized by specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues chord progression is the most common. The blue notes that, for expressive purposes are sung or played flattened or gradually bent (minor 3rd to major 3rd) In relation to the pitch of the major scale, are also an Important part of the sound. Jazz Jazz is a music that originated at the beginning of the 20th century, arguably earlier, wealth the African-American communities of the Southern United States, Its roots lie in the adoption by African-Americans of European harmony and form, taking on those European elements and combining them into their existing African-based music. We will write a custom essay on Western Music Genres specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Its African musical basis is evident In Its use of blue notes, Improvisation, polymath, syncopation and the swung note. From its early development until the present day, jazz has also incorporated elements from popular music especially, in its early days, from American popular music. It defers from European music in that jazz has a special relationship to time defined as swing', involves a spontaneity and vitality of musical production in which improvisation plays an important role and contains a sonority and manner of phrasing which express the Individuality of the reforming jazz musician. Rock and roll Rock n roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late sass and early 1 sass, primarily from a combination of African- American genres such as blues, Jump blues, Jazz, and gospel music, together with Western swing and country music. Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the sass and in country records of the sass, rock and roll did not acquire Its name until the 1 sass. In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late sass and early sass, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late sass. The beat Is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backseat, the latter almost always provided by a snare drum. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a string bass or (after the mid-1 9505) an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the Initially characteristic backseat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. Most notable rock n roll star would be Elvis Presley who recorded his first song thats all right in 1954. Rock n roll influenced bangle music a great deal, Western Music Genres By whaps rhythm and blues, and rock and roll is characterized by specific chord progressions, 3rd to major 3rd) in relation to the pitch of the major scale, are also an important part thin the African-American communities of the Southern United States. Its roots lie music. Its African musical basis is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, present day, Jazz has also incorporated elements from popular music especially, in its early days, from American popular music. T differs from European music in that Jazz contains a sonority and manner of phrasing which express the individuality of the performing Jazz musician. States during the late sass and early sass, primarily from a combination of African- not acquire its name until the sass. In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late sass. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backseat, the mid-sass) an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb , .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .postImageUrl , .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb , .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:hover , .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:visited , .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:active { border:0!important; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:active , .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5a10370634ae2472745331f5a38dccb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music especially rap music does it influence our mind and behaviour? EssayBeyond simply a musical style, initially characteristic backseat, that are now more commonly called simply rock Khan song Bar ole Jew sonata Rock Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unconsecrated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Rock songs from the mid-sass onwards often used the verse-chorus structure derived from lees and folk music, but there has been considerable variation from this model. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock. Because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. A simple 4/4 drum pattern common in rock music Unlike many earlier styles of popular music, rock lyrics have dealt with a wide range of themes in addition to romantic love: including sex, rebellion against The Establishment, social concerns and life styles. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm and blues. The predominance of white, male and often middle class musicians in rock music has often been noted and rock has been seen as an appropriation of black musical forms for a young, white and largely male audience. As a result it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Since the term rock began to be used in preference to rock and roll from the mid-sass, it as often been contrasted with pop music, with which it has shared many characteristics, but from which it is often distanced by an emphasis on musicianship, live performance and a focus on serious and progressive themes as part of an ideology of authenticity that is frequently combined with an awareness of the genres history and development. According to Simon Firth rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the romantic concept of art as artistic expression, original and sincere. In the new millennium the term rock has sometimes been used as a blanket term including forms such as pop music, reggae music, soul music, and even hip hop, with which it has been influenced but often contrasted through much of its history. Pop music The definition of pop music is purposefully flexible as the music that is identified as pop is constantly changing. At any particular point in time it may be easiest to identify pop music as that which is successful on the pop music charts. For the past 50 years the most successful musical styles on the pop charts have continually hanged and evolved. However, there are some consistent patterns in what is identified as pop music. Pop music evolved out of the rock n roll revolution of the mid-sasss and continues in a definable path to today. Like other art forms that aim to attract a mass audience (movies, television, Broadway shows), pop music has been and continues to be a melting pot that borrows and assimilates elements and ideas from a wide range of musical styles. Rock, r, country, disco, punk, and hip hop are all specific genres of music that have influenced and been incorporated into pop e impacting pop music more significantly than at any point in the past. Musicologists often identify the following characteristics as typical of the pop music genre: an aim of appealing to a general audience, rather than to a particular sub- culture or ideology an emphasis on craftsmanship rather than formal artistic qualities an emphasis on recording, production, and technology, over live performance a tendency to reflect existing trends rather than progressive developments much pop music is intended to encourage dancing, or it uses dance- oriented beats or rhythms

Bad Deal congolese essays

Bad Deal congolese essays In the book King Leopolds Ghost, the author, Adam Hochschild, commenting on two chiefs that sold their land to Stanley for a few pieces of cloth per month and signed themselves up for any labor that had to be done in the area, he says, It was an even worse trade than the Indians in Manhattan. (72) I would have to totally agree with him. One reason that I think Hochschild is right in saying that the Native Americans got a longer piece of the stick from the white man than the Congolese is because the treaties actually had very different impacts on the two groups of peoples. In the case of the Native Americans, they signed their land over to the Dutch, and eventually had to relocate and move out into the plains. Thus, displacement was the only real physical effect that was felt from selling the land. However, in the Congoleses case, the two chiefs signed their people up for doing forced labor of any kind in the area that needed to be done. This caused tons of physical pain among the villagers- not just by having to do labor but also by punishments issued by their taskmasters for simple, if not trivial, rule infractions. More evidence that the Congolese people were getting a worse deal than the Native Americans can be found by looking at the economics of the two treaties. For example, the Native Americans sold their land to the Dutch for a measly 24 dollars. Even if we ignore the fact that the value of the land had the potential to go up in price and instead take into consideration how much the land was worth to the colonists in that day, we will still see that the Native Americans were paid far less than the actual value of the land. They were, however, still paid something for the land. In the case of the Congolese, though, they werent paid money or given anything valuable to in return for their land and their labor. Instead, they were given some cloth each month i ...

The Redesigned SAT

The Redesigned SAT The SAT is a constantly evolving exam, but the changes to the exam that launched on March 5th, 2016 represented a fairly significant overhaul of the test. The SAT has been losing ground to the ACT for years. Critics of the SAT frequently noted that the exam was detached from the actual skills that matter most in college, and that the exam succeeded in predicting a students income level better than it predicted college readiness. The redesigned exam places the emphasis on language, mathematical, and analytical skills that are essential for college success, and the new exam is better aligned with high school curricula. Beginning with the March 2016 exam, students encountered these major changes: Selected locations offer a computer-based exam: Weve seen this coming for a long time. The GRE, after all, moved online years ago. With the new SAT, however, paper exams are also available. The writing section is optional: The SAT writing section never really caught on with college admissions offices, so its not surprising that it was axed. The exam will now take about three hours, with an additional 50-minute period for students opting to write the essay. If this sounds like the ACT, well, yes it does. The Critical Reading section is now the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section: Students  need to interpret and synthesize material from sources in the sciences, history, social studies, humanities, and career-related sources. Some passages include graphics and data for students to analyze. Passage from the Founding Documents of America: The exam does not have a history section, but readings now draw from important documents such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights, as well as documents from around the globe related to issues of freedom and human dignity. A new approach to vocabulary: Instead of focusing on rarely used vocabulary words such as mendacious and impecunious, the new exam focuses on words that students are likely to use in college. The College Board gives synthesis and empirical as examples of the type of vocabulary words the exam will include. Scoring returned to a 1600-point scale: When the essay went, so did 800 points from the 2400-point system. Math and Reading/Writing will each be worth 800 points, and the optional essay will be a separate score. The math section allows a calculator for certain portions only: Dont plan to rely on that gadget for finding all your answers! The math section has less breadth and focuses on three key areas: The College Board identifies these areas as Problem Solving and Data Analysis, the Heart of Algebra, and Passport to Advanced Math. The goal here is to align the exam with the skills that are  most useful in preparing students for college-level mathematics. No penalty for guessing: I always hating having to guess whether I should guess or not. But I guess that isnt  an issue with the new exam. The optional essay asks students to analyze a source: This is far different from the typical prompts on the previous  SAT. With the new exam, students read a passage and then use close-reading skills to explain how the author builds his or her argument. The essay prompt is the same on all examsonly the passage will change. Do all of these changes give well-to-do students less of an advantage on the exam? Probably notwell-funded school districts will generally better prepare students for the exam, and access to private test tutoring will still be a factor. Standardized tests will always privilege the privileged. That said, the changes do make the test better correlate with the skills taught in high school, and the new exam may actually better predict college success than the previous SAT. It will, of course, be many years before we have enough data to see if the intentions behind the new exam are realized. Learn more about the changes to the exam on the College Board website: The Redesigned SAT. Related SAT Articles: Should You Take the SAT or ACT?When Should You Take the SAT?Low SAT Scores? What Now?SAT Scores for the Ivy LeagueSAT Scores for Top Public UniversitiesSAT Scores for Top Engineering Schools

Managerial Applications of Technology (Virtual Workforce) 3 Assignment

Managerial Applications of Technology (Virtual Workforce) 3 - Assignment Example Remote workers need to have proper communication with their colleagues, the managers, and other teams or team members in the organization. Technology also provides support to organize through availing IT services and appliances which makes remote workers more effective. There are a number of advantages of using virtual employees. One advantage is that it reduces the amount of physical space that an organization allocated to its employees. Virtual employees have flexibility which enables such organizations to have flexibility to some extent (Tedesco, 2013). For instance, a virtual employee would not be affected, by any physical disturbance in the organization’s premises. The other thing is that virtual employees can be more productive because of less commuting time. The disadvantage of virtual employees is that they have minimal interactions with their colleagues thus it can be hard for them to work together. It is also hard for an organization to motivate virtual and protect them from distractions. Given that the usage of virtual employees has both advantages and disadvantages it is good to come up with strategies to maximize the advantages and minimize the disadvantages. An organization can do that by improving their communication with the virtual workers to make sure that they feel like a part of the organization. For things like motivation and distraction an organization can organize seminars where they can advise the virtual employees on how to best manage time and avoid distractions. To maximize on their output an organization can set goals for them to meet in certain duration (Amigoni & Gurvis,

Answer the following exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Answer the following exam questions - Essay Example and peace process, which led to the spawning of two more radical splinter groups: Continuity IRA (CIRA), and the Real IRA (RIRA) in mid to late 1990s. The IRA, sometimes referred to as the PIRA to distinguish it from RIRA and CIRA, is organized into small, tightly-knit cells under the leadership of the Army Council. The IRA’s militant activities have comprised of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, punishment beatings, extortion, smuggling, and robberies. Prior to the cease-fire agreement in 1997, the group was involved in terror campaigns in various places in Northern Ireland and England, including senior British Government agencies (and its officials), innocent civilians, police forces, and the Royal military installations. While the rationale for their activities is quite genuine, the group has also attracted criticism for its rigidity. For example, the IRA has not been willing to adopt non-violent methods for pressurizing its oppressive neighbour. For example, the group’s refusal in late 2004 to allow photographic documentation of its decommissioning process was an obstacle to progress in implementing the Belfast Agreement and stalled talks. The IRA is also criticized for funding its operations through criminal means. Every year millions of dollars are added to its coffers through robberies and other crimes. Unless the IRA puts an end to such deviances, its mission is unlikely to succeed. The IRA does not pose a direct threat to Australian citizens or Australian national interests. But in an indirect way, with the refusal of Canberra to detach itself from American and British neo-colonial ambitions, Australia can face a backlash. Already we saw an instance of this in the Bali bombings of 2002. With the IRA’s links with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, ETA and the Colombian militant group FARC, Australia is vulnerable to terror attacks from these organizations, if its foreign policy framework does not change. It is also no surprise

College Athletes Essay Example for Free

College Athletes Essay There are thousands of athletes playing for different colleges. They put their time and effort in it, yet they don’t get paid. When athletes play a sport, they have even more stuff to worry about than a regular student. They have to worry about their grades, staying fit to play, stay healthy, attend to practice every day there’s practice, and then after practice go home and do all their work even though they are tired. How much do they get paid for going through all that? Zero dollars. College athletes should get paid to play too. The average salary of a third division college coach is forty five thousand dollars a year. An average third division athlete makes nothing. Why are coaches being paid and not the athletes? Yes the coaches are giving up their time to coach the players, but the athletes are too, and they are also risking themselves of getting injured every time they step in to play or practice. If an average NBA player makes about ten million dollars a year then why doesn’t a college basketball player get paid? There is this new rule that when a college gives away a scholarship, it can be renewed. That means that if a player quits the team or gets injured to the point that they can’t play anymore, the college can renew the scholarship and take it away from the player and give it to another athlete or someone else. That is not fair because if a player gets a serious injury for playing, the college can just take away their scholarship, and their career gets ruined. One of examples involved Texas Christian University. Running back Kent Waldrep was paralyzed in a game against the Alabama Crimson Tide on October 26, 1974. TCU paid his medical bills for nine months, then cut him loose. They also took away Adams scholarship, too. College athletes are human just like every other student. By not giving them the ability to make money and not paying them, colleges and its members are expecting the athletes to live a sub-human existence, and putting them at a disadvantage to finish their college education. Athletes are big money makers for the colleges. College athletics are a big role in making money, and they attract students to their college. Colleges depend on their athletes to produce and maintain the popularity of their schools name. Many people argue that student athletes should not be paid because they are getting a free education through a scholarship. These people feel that they have already done a lot for them by giving them a scholarship to their colleges. On the other side, people think that the college athletes make enough profit for their colleges , and they argue that the colleges should owe the athletes more than just a scholarship . Student athletes should be given at least small profit from their income. College athletes aren’t allowed to work. How are they going to pay for all the necessary expenses if they come from poor families? This also leads to players accepting illegal money, cars, and clothes. When athletes that have the opportunity to leave school and turn professional they go for it, because college athletes live in near poverty. College athletes live in near poverty because the money they receive isn’t enough to pay for all of their expenses and necessities. The few athletes that graduate from college, that could turn professional before their senior year, stay because their parents support them by sending money. If college athletes are eligible to be paid, there would be more athletes graduating. Paying athletes would be good for everyone and players would go for an education instead of only concentrating on sports.

Cuba, Spain, and the Road to Independence :: essays research papers

Cuba, Spain, and the Road to Independence During the Little War, fought for the independence of Cuba, Spain used propaganda to cast that the war was not a struggle for national independence but one for black supremacy. Spain manipulated the idea of a national war, with the objective to fight colonialism, into a race war with the objective of blacks uprising against whites. Cuban independence activists, therefore, campaigned diligently—mainly through writing—to negate Spain’s representations. Writings of the Ten Years War were conceived as lessons or guidelines to help pave way to a new revolution. Writings also helped reevaluate the image of the black insurgent into one that was more heroic and less threatening than that of the image depicted by Spain. Like their white counterparts, writers of color were critical in constructing these representations, but theirs were more active for black citizenship and therefore, differed from the portrayals of the passive insurgent created by white intellectuals. What ever the difference in representation however, the writings of the harmless black insurgent as well as the nation’s struggle for independence, where blacks fought alongside with whites in union, invalidated Spain’s arguments about the racial dangers of rebellion and the impossibility of Cuban nationhood. Essays and memoirs of the Ten Years War were written by authors who saw their works as writings for a new generation of Cubans. They sought to motivate patriotism with stories of courageousness, and achieve new successes through the telling of past mistakes and failures. They wanted to depict the first war in a way that would inspire activists to prepare for the next one, and by doing so, writings of the old war became a medium in which the course of a new revolt would be influenced. Writing then became more then just words on paper; it became a weapon that was fundamental to the strategy of insurgency (115). Spain, in an attempt to suppress insurgency, was spreading the propaganda that if Cuba revolted, its colored supporters would transform the struggle for an independent republic into a racial domination by blacks. Therefore a strategy was needed to reevaluate the black insurgent who was depicted by Spain as the leader of the dreaded race war and the black republic. Through reexamination, separatist writers were able to neutralize that figure into an acceptable component in the making of the Cuban nation. One transformation is of a slave named Ramon, who went from being the cause of the death of Carlos Cepedes’, the leader of the first insurrection, to a faithful and trustworthy servant.

Tom Jones and Joseph Andrews

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The Zimmerman Case

The Zimmerman Case has had its verdict yesterday and I would have written then, but I was busy building my thoughts. What I should cover first is why the Zimmerman Case is significant. It is not significant because of race, or the right to defend one's self. In defense of my position on the race aspect, the media has tried to portray Zimmerman as white, when, in fact he is Hispanic or as my wife is adamant about, Latino. Apparently, you can't call Hispanics Hispanics any more and you have to call them Latino. Ok, sure fine I don't really care what people want to be called; it has no bearing to me on the individual other than personal preference. So, if the media is not really sure what race Zimmerman is, the issue of race becomes moot, but it does show that there are other motivations in doing so as someone's race is a pretty big way of describing an individual to the public. I suspect that this has more to do with the Immigration Issue than race despite the media is trying to make be seen that way. Showing Latinos as white would go a long way toward naturalizing immigrants in the public's mind. The right to defend one's self, is not an issue either, in that it is a personal responsibility to do so. Following someone does not justify aggression if that person is acting within a prescribed and legal role, in this case, as a member of the community watch. They say Martin was just going out for Skittles and some sort of drink and that was all he had on him when he was being followed out of the area by Zimmerman. If he was going out to get these items, then why did he have these items on him when he was leaving. This seems suspect to me, but actually has little bearing on the point I am trying to make with this. The issue here isn't if Zimmerman should have been arrested, he should not have. It is also not if Zimmerman had the legal right to shoot and kill Martin; he did. Martin acted as the aggressor and forced Zimmerman in to a physical battle, and Zimmerman, in reacting to the battle, did no go for the gun first. He used the gun after Martin used weapon on him (banging his head on to the ground; I have had this happen to me and I have had to do it to others; The ground is most definitely something that can be used as a weapon). The shot was fired, upwards and in to the front of Martin, therefore, the killing was justified. The only real issue that I had with this was if Zimmerman waited too long, but to that end, I wasn't there and so I have no right to an opinion on the judgement concerning the time frame between actual use of the ground as a weapon and the use of a gun. The issue here isn't, as many people want to believe, if the trial was justified. This should have had an investigation in to the shooting, and of that, there is no question, but it was only to justify if the shooting was legal or not, not to determine guilt of Zimmerman or Martin which the media seems to have confused, but the real issue here is if it was a fair trial. The concept of justice is that justice be fair and impartial. The Executive Branch of the government represents the justice system within the United States. The Executive Branch, when considering the implications of justice, has to see things from all points of view and recognize the rights of all parties concerned with the verdict, ie the prosecutor and the defendant, while ignoring all unaffected parties even if they feel they are a stakeholder (parents, relatives and friends). The actual verdict has to be fair within a reasonable consideration of peers. Those peers form the basis for the jury and the jury is chosen by the prosecution, therefore controlling, to some degree the legitimacy of the defense as well as the impartiality of the verdict as the intent of the jurors are to put themselves within the mindset of the defense, but from what is considered a reasonable state of mind. The biggest consideration here has to be that the argument must be presented in such a way as though neither race nor gender should have any consideration on the defense at the time of the crime. If that there is, in fact, a finding that race or gender is a factor, considerations should be made. In the argument of self-defense, the first consideration that should be made is was the defense actually in sort of danger and that danger being loss of life or permanent injury. In choosing women, the prosecution was seeking the sympathy angle for the minor who died as a result of the action resulting in the trial. The biggest factor that is being ignored with the media is that the jurors had to put themselves in, not the position of Martin, but of Zimmerman and therefore Zimmerman acting within his role of public defender (the Community Watch, in this case). This reversal of roles from what the public considers as fair is what, ultimately, destroyed the prosecution’s case. Arguing the case without considerations of race or gender forced the women to wonder what they would have been forced to do in Zimmerman’s role within that of public defender. To that end, they had to ask themselves, would they have been afraid and would they have had the responsibility to defend themselves, not necessarily with lethal force, but by any means necessary. That they would not have necessarily put themselves in to that position had no actual bearing on the subject as that personal choice was removed for them, hence impartiality. The factor of this being a fair trial, is decreed by a panel of peers, initially chosen at random, but decided by the very people trying to prosecute the case. That they choose women, become immaterial as the prosecution has its own agenda from that of the defense. The issue with this wasn't if the case was not fair, or that the verdict was unfair as the situation presented, described a reasonable justification of fear in the situation of Zimmerman. It showed that an assault with deadly force was committed by the documentation collaborated by witnesses. It showed that the use of deadly force was legal and it showed that Zimmerman showed restraint in using that deadly force by the action of deadly weapon (the ground) putting Zimmerman’s life in actual danger as well as the fact that Martin did not disengage his ‘supposed attacker’ but actually escalated the fight and did not seek to flee. In the end, this was a fair verdict, in that anyone in Zimmerman’s position would have used deadly force as long as you do not make any considerations toward race or gender, ie, had it been a woman in Zimmerman’s place, she would have done the same exact thing, but again, this is not the real issue. With this case, the head of the Executive Branch, the head of the justice system within the country, is seeking to show personal bias, and is basing that bias upon race and not reasonable actions within the situation itself as shown by the trial itself.

Nursing School Admission Essay

Nursing School Admission Essay Nursing School Admission Essay Nursing School Admission Essay: A Plan for Your Writing If you want to write a nursing school admission essay which will bring you to admission itself, you have to mention some of the required points while your nursing school application essay writing. This article is going to explain you what kind of the information you have to mention and what you have to write in your nursing school admission essay in order the admission committee to admit you. Use our nursing school admission essay plan in your writing and you re doomed to success. Tips On Writing Nursing School Admission Essay Convince the admission committee that you really want to be admitted and explain why you are worth of being admitted in this very nursing school. Write about your strengths; emphasize some of the traits of your personality, which differ you from all the other applicants. Mention your relations with your friends; write how they would describe you if they were asked to do it. Speak about your favorite activity and how it influences your every day life. Whether it helps you to become more disciplined or maybe t helps you to solve some of the problems you have. Describe your favourite book or movie and tell how it changes your personality and your outlook. Mention some moment of epiphany, which you have once experienced, consider what you have learned thanks to this very moment. Write about your experience if there is such in the field of medicine in whole and in the field of nursing in particular. Speak about your major success and failure in your life. Tell which traits of character have helped you to succeed in something and which conclusion you have made after you experienced some failure. Tell whether you had some difficult times in your life and what they taught you. Mention your plans for future, how you imagine your future life, which person you want to be near with, which career you want to make and how your nursing degree will help you to make your dreams come true. Give a strong reason for why you have chosen this very school to admit and not the other one. Read also:http://.com/blog/college-admission-essay-writing We Can Help You With Writing A Successful Admission Essay We hope this very nursing school admission essay plan will help you a lot while writing. Do not forget to mention all of the points we have enumerated for you in order your nursing school admission essay to be competitive and successful one. Interesting topics: Critical Success Factor Analysis Concept Essay Essay Assignment Analysis Case Studies How to Write a Research Paper

How Long Does It Take to Get ACT Scores Back

How Long Does It Take to Get ACT Scores Back SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips After you take the ACT, the anticipation isn't over! Now, you have to wait to get your scores. While the scores aren't available immediately, you don't actually have to wait too long to see your scores or have them sent to colleges. This guide will go over when you can expect to see your ACT scores for each test date, as well as the differences in score release dates for students who took the ACT with Writing. How Long Do You Have to Wait for Your ACT Scores? How long does it take to get ACT scores back? Not too long! ACT score release dates actually vary for students over a range of weeks. Most students, though, will get their multiple-choice scores just 10 days aftertaking the exam. Scores are often released on a Tuesday or Thursday, so they'll show up just 10 or more days after your Saturday morning test. They usually come out at 1 am Eastern Time (that's midnight Central Time or 10 pm Pacific Time). For any students whose scores aren't released on that day, they should check back weekly.ACT scores are released on a weekly basis, and all of them should be out within eight weeks of your test date. Students who test outside the US usually have to wait about three weeks to see their multiple-choice scores. If you took the ACT with Writing, your essay score will be added a little later- about two weeks after your multiple-choice scores come out.Although your scores might become available in these two installments, colleges won't receive your ACT score report until allscores have been finalized and released (multiple choice and Writing, together). Once all your scores are ready, ACT, Inc. will release your official Student Score Report, High School Score Report, and College Score Report. Again, most students taking the ACT in the US will get their multiple-choice scores about 10 days after testing, whereas a small number will have to wait one or a few weeks longer until their scores are ready. Do you know when you plan to take the ACT? If so, you can use the chart below to find your testing date and the earliest corresponding date you'll get your ACT scores. When Will Your ACT Scores Be Released by Test Date? The following ranges of dates indicate when your multiple-choicescores will be availableto view online from your ACT account.If you took the ACT with Writing, colleges won't get score reports until your essay has been graded as well. These are the range of dates when most students get their ACT scores. If yours haven't shown up yet, note that it doesn't necessarily indicate a problem. 2019-20 ACT Score Release Dates While the test dates have been officially confirmed for the 2019-20 testing year, score release dates have not, so the chart below shows our estimates for release dates based on the patterns of previous ACT testing years. ACT Test Date Multiple-Choice Scores Release Complete Scores (w/ Essay) Release Sept 14, 2019 Sept 24, 2019 Oct 8, 2019 Oct 26, 2019 Nov 5, 2019 Nov 19, 2019 Dec 14, 2019 Dec 24, 2019 Jan 7, 2020 Feb 8, 2020 Feb 18, 2020 Mar 3, 2020 Apr 4, 2020 Apr 14, 2020 Apr 28, 2020 June 13, 2020 June 23, 2020 July 7, 2020 July 18, 2020 July 28, 2020 Aug , 2020 As I mentioned, most students will get their scores on the earliest release date, or at least within this range. But some won't, making them wonder, "Just when will I get my ACT scores?" What are some reasons you'd have to wait longer for your scores? What If Your ACT Scores Haven't Been Released Yet? There are a few reasons why your ACT scores might come out later than the above dates. One is simply that ACT, Inc. has a lot of tests to grade and process, and they're running behind. Other possible reasons include the following: Your documents were delivered late to testing headquarters Your test date was rescheduled The personal information you wrote on your test doesn't match the information you provided during registration (this happens more than you might think!) ACT, Inc. detected an irregularity with your test scores or at your testing center ACT, Inc. randomly audited your test to check for scoring accuracy You owe registration fees What does it mean that ACT, Inc. could detect an irregularity with your scores? If you improve by an unusually large number of points between test administrations, ACT, Inc. might notice and check for possible signs of cheating. If they really think something's amiss, they'll contact you and might even invite you to send "evidence" of your studying. To prepare for this rare circumstance (maybe you didn't study at all for your first ACT and then did a ton of prep for your second), make sure to keep evidence of your test prep and write out all your work in your test booklet.This situation is rare, but it can take a really long time to clear up- which you might or might not have depending on your college application deadlines. Worst case scenario, ACT, Inc. will cancel your scores altogether and you'll have to retake the test. You should have your username and password handy on score-release day, andfind out whether others have gotten their ACT scores through either word-of-mouth and discussion forums, such asCollege Confidential. If you think there's an unusual delay in your scores, don't be afraid totake action and contact ACT, Inc. to figure out what's going on. Otherwise, check back weekly rather than every day, since scores are typically released on Tuesdays. Once you finally get your ACT scores, what do you do next? What to Do When You Receive Your ACT Scores It's a good idea to check your ACT scores the day they come out so you can decide whether you're happy with them or want to retest. If you're satisfied and need to send additional score reports to colleges, be sure to do this ASAP. The decision to retake the ACT depends on a number of factors. What are your target scores? How much prep have you done, and how much time do you have to prep again and retest? Have you already taken the ACT a bunch of times, or are you just getting started? Obviously, all this is a moot point if your college deadlines are just around the corner. Another consideration is whether or not your colleges have a policy of superscoring the ACT- that is,taking the highest section scores across all test dates and recombining them into the strongest possible composite score. This is an ideal policy that works in your favor, and it means you don't have to worry about doing worse in any one section upon retesting. Conclusion: When Do ACT Scores Come Out? While the time you spend waiting for your ACT scores might feel like along 10 days, it's actually a pretty fast turnaround considering how many tests ACT, Inc. has to get, score, and compare. Plus, all the essays are read and graded by actual people! In closing, don't be afraid tocontactACT, Inc.and figure out what to do if you sense there might be an unusual delay in your score release. You should also keep track of your ACT username and password so you'll be ready to log in right away on score-release day. If you're satisfied with your ACT scores, great! If not, no worries- simply figure out where you can focus your prep to improve for next time! What's Next? What are you aiming to score on the ACT? Learn about what makes a bad, good, and excellent ACT scoreas well ashow to set a target scorefor guiding your approach to test prep. Need help raising your ACT scores? Then check out our expert tips and tricks- 15, to be exact- for improving your ACT scores fast and effectively. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Operationalizing New Service Concept in Pre-Existing Fast Food Chain Essay

Operationalizing New Service Concept in Pre-Existing Fast Food Chain of Restaurants - Essay Example Introduction 4 2. Background 5 3. Literature Review 5 4. Designing New Service Concept and Service Innovation 6 5. Research 6 6. Service Recovery Design 7 7. Recommendations 8 8. Service Strategy 10 9. Conclusion 10 10. References 12 1. Introduction Customers are significant for every business , however, for fast food companies , which offer food which are perishable, it is very important to retain customer, create customer loyalty and regulate customers to survive in the increasingly competitive environment, which has been elevated through the globalization of fast food chains. Brink and Berndt (2004) found that many companies spent a lot of their efforts, money and time to recruit new customers but a few companies took appropriate steps to retain customer and customer loyally. In 2011, the total revenue generated by Italian fast food market was $2.1 billion, which represents a negative annual rate from 2007 to 2011. The demand for fast food was high till 2007 and the market perform ance also reduced during this time period. The market volume in fast food is classed as the number of visits the customer makes to the same fast food restaurant. Fast food restaurant market can be broken down into- Take Away Quick Service restaurant Mobile Food Street The fast food restaurant at the leisure locations The fast food chains meet new competitors in the market and customer relationship is the marketing purpose which can keep customers from going to the competitors (Ramakrishnan, 2006). Customer retention is the method which helps to keep customers actively involved with the firm through optimal allocation of resources (Kotelnikov, 2006). Six economic benefits of customer retention as outlined by Brink and Berndt (2004)- It reduces the cost of customer acquisition and customer replacement. It guarantees base profits as the customers may follow the minimum spend for a time period. It promotes increased customer revenue. It reduces the overall operating costs as the compani es spread the costs over many customers. It provides easy referral to new customers from the pre-existing customers and the customer can be charged premium price as they do not wait for discounts or price reductions. 2. Background The Italian restaurant operates a chain of 26 full-service restaurants close to shopping malls and high streets. The restaurant is known for excellent service and high quality Italian cuisine. The restaurant is looking for expansion opportunities and the management wants to launch new chain which will have following features 1. Low cost food 2. Limited menu The main issue is that the new outlets may lead to poor customer experience which can tarnish the image of the well established restaurant brand. Regardless of what the service industry perceive about their service and customers, the service should function for customers properly. It should be as per the perceived notion of service by the customer, even if in case, the customers have not experienced it previously (Johnston and Clark, 2001). Through word-of-mouth customer have a perceived imagination of the type of service, and during and after the service delivery the service should meet customers’ expectations related to the duration, notion and flexibility provided. Every organisation should focus on delivering the service concept. The paper explains how service concept is the key driver in service design decision at various

Inquiring Minds want to know Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Inquiring Minds want to know - Assignment Example The data was further about a single population, readers of publications. Even though many types of longitudinal surveys exist, trend study best identifies the used survey. This survey type identifies a target population from which a sample, at each trial, is selected and analysis conducted at the different times to determine and explain possible difference. The type of study can be conducted over any time gap and may use different participants as well as different researchers (Copper and Schindler, n.d.). Many issues exist to validity and reliability of the applied survey type. Core to the concerns is the flexible scope of trend studies longitudinal surveys that allows for difference in researchers and research participants. Such a difference offers a biased basis for comparing results because of difference in research environments across the research times. The study, for example, sought to determine effectiveness of publication advertising in generating leads and difference in consumers’ response approach to advertisements based on technology changes may offer a biased platform for comparing effectiveness of publication advertising across the considered time points. This means that identified effectiveness of publication advertising in the year 1997 could have been underestimated because of responses by other means other than the considered cards. Availability of free toll lines for customers’ enquiries and availability of web sites from which consumers could make inq uiries and orders, in the year 2007, are examples of changes in the study that undermined reliability and validity of longitudinal survey (The University of Texas, n.d.; Copper and Schindler, n.d.). The survey method is also demanding in terms of resources. It requires time because data collection must consider data from at least two different periods. This further identifies the need for comparison and higher expenses on requirements

The Reason for the Shift from Transactional To Relationship Marketing Essay

The Reason for the Shift from Transactional To Relationship Marketing - Essay Example This paper illustrates that strategies harnessed by relationship marketers to achieve their goals include focussing on retaining customers and long-term view of business relations as shown by Jaguar Land Rover Plc, focus on providing value to the customers as depicted by Mercedes-Benz, emphasizes on the provision of great service to clients as depicted at Starbucks. There is also an emphasis on quality relationships and customer contact through social media, email and text messages with this strategy exemplified by Starbucks and Costa Coffee. Business to business (B2B) approach of relationship marketing between one firm to another and focuses on the features of the product and there is the lack or very little personal emotion between the representatives of the two organizations involved. The operational guidelines of the business are the main emphasis for understanding through searching more information on the organization, and there is the requirement for marketing to be in-depth in business to business marketing. The effectiveness of marketing is dependent on the ability of the product to save time, resources, and money. On the other hand, relationship marketing approaches on business to consumer is giving a focus on product benefits and decisions have the personal emotional attachment. The message has to be short and less informed, focus on product benefits, and getting right to the point. Purchasing decisions by consumers base more on emotion.

Leadership And Motivation Of Organizational Members Commerce Essay

Leadership And Motivation Of Organizational Members Commerce Essay Leadership, the process of inspiring others to work hard to accomplish important tasks, comes from Steve Jobs and the other managers. Leading is a large part of the management process in Apple, as it builds the commitments and enthusiasm for people to apply their talents to help accomplish plans. Jobs is a visionary leader because he has a clear understanding for the future as well as an understanding of the actions needed to get there successfully. He is able to communicate his vision to all necessary employees, getting them motivated and inspired to pursue his vision in their daily work. In the organization, management uses power to influence their staff. Reward power and legitimate power are used within Apple, and some employees have stated that coercive power has also occurred. Based on research of the leadership within Apple, I believe the organization has a democratic style. They are committed to task and people, getting things done while sharing information, encouraging employ ees to participate in all aspects, and helping others develop their skills and capabilities. The contingency leadership approach Apple Inc. appears to follow is Houses Path-Goal Leadership Theory, which is where the leader clarifies paths through which followers can achieve both task-related and personal goals. Steve Jobs motivates employees to move along these paths, removing barriers along the way and providing appropriate rewards for task accomplishments. The four leadership styles of the path-goal theory stated in the text book that Jobs and other management possess are: Directive leadership- letting subordinates know what is expected; giving directions on what to do and how. Supportive leadership- doing things to make work more pleasant. Achievement-oriented leadership- setting challenging goals; expecting the highest levels of performance. Participative leadership- involving subordinates in decision making. Jobs and other managers use whatever leadership style is necessary for the current situation. Value is added through this leadership approach by contributing things that are missing from the situation or that need strengthening. Motivation is the forces within the individual that accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work. Apple Inc. produces highly motivated individuals who work hard at their job. Managers within the organization, including Steve Jobs, lead through motivation to create conditions where employees constantly feel inspired to work hard. Apples highly motivated workforce is one of the major reasons for their high-performance results. The company is rich in both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for people whose performance helps accomplish the organizations objectives. Extrinsic rewards are provided by someone else, usually a supervisor or higher-level manager. At Apple, extrinsic rewards have included: additional vacation time, all employees receiving an iPod Shuffle, and in 2007, all full-time employees (21 600 of them) received a complimentary iPhone. Jobs is great at celebrating his teams accomplishments which includes: opening champagne to mark milestones, and educational trips to museums or exhibits. He has taken employees on retreats to expensive resorts and thrown parties at popular locations in the cities Apple operates in. The rewards vary in size from large pay bonuses to verbal praise, and recognition. In contrast, intrinsic rewards occur naturally as a person performs their job. The sources of intrinsic rewards such as feelings of competency, personal development, and self-control are all experienced by the staff at Apple. Employees have described how they enjoy and are motivated by the high calibre of people they work with, and being able to work on the cutting edge of technology. Due to stock option grants, employees who have worked at the company for many years have large amounts of money tied up with Apple. For majority of the staff, this is a key motivator to protect the companys interests. In regards to motivational theories, it does not appear Apple Inc. focuses as much on individual needs as do the content theories of motivation, but more on pursuing task goals as does one of the process theories of motivation and the external environment consequences regarding the reinforcement theory of motivation. The goal-setting theory, which is one of the process theories that applies to the organization, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals. Employees within the organization are highly motivated to accomplish task goals, which give direction to people in their work. The proper setting and management of goals within Apple helps clarify performance expectations in the organization. They provide a foundation for behavioural self-management, which helps motivate employees work performance and job satisfaction. Apple applies to the reinforcement theory of motivation because it focuses on the external environment and the consequences it holds for the individual. The organization mostly applies to the positive reinforcement strategy which strengthens or increases the frequency of desirable behaviour by making a pleasant consequence contingent on it occurrence. Examples of positive reinforcement at Apple include the rewards given by Jobs as mentioned above (opening champagne, vacations, company parties). All employees are motivated to do their best work to accomplish goals because of the rewards they can receive. Apple has also been known to use incentive compensation systems to motivate employees. This includes bonus pay, which provides one-time payments to employees based on the accomplishment of specific performance targets. They also have an employee stock ownership plan as mentioned earlier. An ownership share in ones place of employment links directly with a performance incentive. Employees holding stock options are motivated to work hard to raise the price of the firms stock. Many of Apples employees have to deal with stress on a daily basis, which is the state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, constraints or opportunities. Much of their stress comes from working factors which includes, long working hours, too many demands, the rush of developing the next big product, and the fear of losing their job for those who cannot meet objectives. Stress can also come from personal factors which includes the Type A personality and from non-work factors which include: family events, economics, and personal affairs. Jobs believes in putting a lot of stress on his workers as it acts in a positive way to increase effort, stimulate creativity, and encourage great work; known as constructive stress. The stress employees face can also have negative effects, known as destructive stress, which impairs the performance of an individual. A great example of this was recently, in July of 2009, a man who worked at an iPhone plant in China committed suicide. This was after the worker lost a fourth-generation iPhone prototype that he was responsible for. Employees who deal with Apples new products face great pressure in maintaining a high-level of secrecy over their products. Many of the organizations employees are constantly dealing with the stress of their job and non-work factors; therefore Apple has come up with a few strategies in dealing with stress. The organizations strict role clarification helps reduce job uncertainties, conflicts, and work overloads. Employees assistance programs are offered, which include: financial education seminars, tuition assistance, personal and family counselling, wellness programs, an onsite fitness center, and commuter programs. Areas Where Improvement Could Be Made: At Apple, areas of improvement could be made by eliminating the use of coercive power within the organization. Coercive power is influencing an individual through punishment. Employees have reported that they have coerced to do something through verbal reprimands. This only hurts the organization by making employees not want to work for management out of liking for their job, but out of fear they are going to be punished in some way (pay penalties, termination). In regards to leadership and power, I believe Apple can improve in empowering other people. Empowerment is the process through which managers enable and help other individuals to gain power and have more influence within the company. This would improve the organization by not making it a one genius that leads the company model. It would help relieve Steve Jobss work and when people are empowered to act, they are generally more committed to their task and producing high-quality work. It would show the confidence management has in their employees, and their respect for the talents and creativity they possess. Apple Inc. can improve its motivation of employees by not only following process theories and reinforcement theories of motivation, but also content theories of motivation. Content theories explain the behaviours and attitudes of people at work based on individual needs- the unfulfilled physiological or psychological desires. Having managers and leaders that establish conditions where it is possible for people to satisfy important needs through their work is important, as needs cause tensions that influence attitudes and behaviour. Eliminating obstacles that interfere with the satisfaction of important needs help in improving motivation at Apple. I believe Apple could improve stress management by not putting as many demands on employees, decreasing the amount of work hours a week and not putting stress on workers to increase effort and encourage great work. As it is hard for an organization to limit personal and non-work factors of stress, Apple can improve in reducing the amount of work factors of stress. The organization needs to focus on maintaining constructive stress, but eliminating destructive stress. Detailed Plan of Improvement Content Theories of Motivation Hierarchy of Needs Theory As mentioned in Part D- Leadership and Motivation of the Members of the Organization, Apple Inc. does not focus as much on the individual needs of their employees, which relates to the content theories of motivation, but more on the accomplishment of task goals and the external environment consequences, which relate to the process and reinforcement theories of motivation. This leads to room for improvement in following the content theories of motivation, which explain the behaviours and attitudes of people at work based on individual needs. This would improve the organization because needs are the unfulfilled physiological or psychological desires of an individual, which cause tensions that influence attitudes and behaviour. This is why it is important for managers and leaders to establish conditions where it is possible for employees to satisfy important needs through their work and to also eliminate obstacles that have the potential to interfere with the satisfaction of important n eeds. Fulfilling these individual needs will further help in improving the motivation at Apple. One of the content theories of motivation, the Hierarchy of Needs Theory developed by Abraham Maslow, is a great theory to implement into the organization to improve motivation. This theory states that there are two categories of needs: Lower-order needs- include physiological, safety, and social concerns, and higher-order needs- include esteem and self-actualization concerns. The fulfilment of lower-order needs, which desire social and physical well-being, and higher-orders needs, which desire psychological development and growth, leads to great behaviour and attitudes of people at work. Maslows theory describes two principles explaining the affects of needs on human behaviour. The first is the deficit principle, which states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behaviour. The second is the progression principle, which states that a need at one level does not become activated until the next lower-level need is already satisfied. The goal of Apple in implementing this theory would be to allow all employees to advance through the hierarchy until they reach the level of self-actualization. At this level, employees begin to be motivated by opportunities of self-fulfillment. If managers within Apple followed this theory, employees would not have deprived needs which result in negative attitudes and behaviours, which in turn affect the organization in many different aspects. There are many different ways managers can use Maslows ideas to better meet the needs of their staff. A detailed plan to implement this theory would first begin by looking at the order of the needs in the hierarchy. The hierarchy of human needs is, from first to last: physiological, safety, social, esteem and lastly self-actualization needs. Below is an example on how Apple can fulfill each of these individual needs. Physiological needs: Providing reasonable work hours, rest and refreshment breaks, and physical comfort when working. Safety needs: Apple already does a good job in providing for some of these needs, such as safe working conditions, base compensation, and benefits. It could still improve in job security, which is eliminating the threat many employees feel of losing their jobs because of their performance. Social needs: Improving the group atmosphere between managers and workers, by having friendly co-workers and pleasant supervisors. Allowing all individuals to feel a sense of belonging is important. This need is important to fulfill within the Apple organization as it has many team-based projects. More social events could help improve the fulfillment of this need. Esteem needs: Apple can fulfill employees esteem needs by giving them more responsibility for important jobs, allowing the opportunity for promotion to a higher job status, and more praise and recognition from Steve Jobs and other managers. Ensuring workers know their contribution helps in reaching the organizations goals and making certain they receive recognition for what they have done results in good self-esteem, leading them to be more productive and effective. Self-actualization needs: As Apple already provides creative and challenging work through the products they develop, and participation in decision making, they could further help in fulfilling this need by allowing more job flexibility and autonomy. Apple should allow employees to feel that they have reached the place they want and by fulfilling the self-actualization need more and more, the individual is suppose to grow stronger. With Apple Inc. being one of the top companies in the world, it is hard to say what they should improve on because of their success, the great individuals they have working for them and their size. This plan to implement the Hierarchy of Needs Theory may benefit the organization but because of the organizations size and the expertise of the individuals that run the company, including Steve Jobs, I am sure they have looked to all aspects of the organization for ways to improve.